UNESCO and the Commonwealth of Learning have been working directly with governmental agencies and institutions to support the development of national and institutional OER policies. This publication, Guidelines on the Development of Open Educational Resources Policies, is the culmination of this. It is meant to be referenced as a hands-on plan to develop subject-matter knowledge for policy makers on OER and a framework to provoke critical thinking on how OER should be leveraged to address challenges in achieving the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) in different local contexts. More specifically, it can be used as a literal step-by-step guidebook on how to develop an OER policy from conception to implementation.